全球食品营养素分析揭示了令人担忧的差距和艰巨的挑战
Xiaozhong Wang1,2,3, Zhengxia Dou4, Shi Feng1,2
1College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Nature food
|October 12, 2023
概括
全球粮食系统显示出足够的卡路里和蛋白质,但在维生素A和等必需微量营养素方面存在严重的缺陷. 超过一半的国家面临微量营养素短缺,突出了主要的营养安全挑战.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
背景情况:
- 解决全球饥饿问题需要了解明显和隐藏的营养不良形式.
- 人口层面的营养安全状况在很大程度上是未知的,阻碍了有针对性的干预.
- 现有的数据往往侧重于食品的可用性,而不是基本营养素的可用性.
研究的目的:
- 测量156个国家的11种必需营养素的食品供应量.
- 通过将营养素的可用性与推摄入量进行比较,评估人口层面的营养安全状况.
- 探索农业食品系统干预措施,以改善营养安全.
主要方法:
- 食品生产-消费-营养模型的开发和应用.
- 计算156个国家相对于推每日摄入量的营养物质可用性比率.
- 分析全球和国家层面的营养素供应情况,重点关注缺口和差异.
主要成果:
- 在2017年,全球人均可用卡路里和蛋白质量充足.
- 发现维生素A和的严重缺乏 (摄入比<0.60).
- 对于维生素B12,观察到中度缺乏 (0.76摄入比),超过一半的国家对所有9种微量营养素都存在缺乏.
- 在营养素的可用性方面发现了巨大的区域和国家层面的差异.
结论:
- 全球粮食系统在提供足够的微量营养素,特别是维生素A,和维生素B12方面面临重大挑战.
- 众多国家普遍存在的微量营养素缺乏,凸显了解决营养安全问题的紧迫性.
- 克服这些挑战需要在农业食品系统内制定全面的战略,同时要认识到实施的重大障碍.
相关概念视频
02:35Key Elements for Plant Nutrition
18.8K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
18.8K
01:28Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements
471
Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
471
01:28Microbial Nutrition
38
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
38
02:11The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
35.8K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
35.8K
01:19Absorption of Nutrients
646
Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
646
01:27Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry
45
Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
45