分心对年轻司机的影响:神经生理学视角
Jake Goldsworthy1, Christopher N Watling2, Chae Rose3
1The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Psychological Science, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland, 149 Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
Applied ergonomics
|October 13, 2023
概括
年轻司机驾驶时使用手机面临重大风险. 这项研究表明,视觉和认知分心会损害驾驶表现,增加神经生理兴奋,强调分心驾驶的危险性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 交通安全 交通安全
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 分心驾驶,特别是使用手机,是全球和澳大利亚年轻司机事故的主要原因.
- 尽管存在风险,年轻司机仍在驾驶时使用手机.
- 了解不同分心的神经生理影响对于开发有效的安全干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究视觉,听觉和高阶认知分心对年轻司机的神经生理影响.
- 评估这些干扰对主观工作量和客观驾驶表现的影响.
- 为针对年轻司机的道路安全活动提供基于证据的见解.
主要方法:
- 一项模拟驾驶研究,涉及24名年龄在18-25岁的年轻成年人.
- 四个8分钟的模拟驾驶课程与并发的分心任务 (视觉,听觉,高级认知).
- 通过EEG测量神经生理兴奋,主观工作量和驾驶性能 (速度和横向定位).
主要成果:
- 在高阶的认知和视觉分心任务中,正面β和马功率显著增加.
- 高级认知分心被认为是精神上最苛刻的.
- 视觉分心对驾驶性能产生了最显著的影响,增加了速度和横向定位的标准偏差.
结论:
- 视觉和更高层次的认知分心对年轻司机构成重大风险.
- 在苛刻的分心条件下,神经生理兴奋和主观工作负载都会升高.
- 研究结果强调,消除年轻司机使用手机和其他干扰因素,以提高道路安全至关重要.
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