全球细胞供体线:对当前的研究进行了回顾
Ariel Simpson1, Alex W Hewitt2, Kirsten A Fairfax3
1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Stem cell reports
|October 13, 2023
概括
从人类胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 和诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 创建通用供体细胞系可以彻底改变移植. 战略重点是克服免疫排斥,并确保现成疗法的安全性.
科学领域:
- 再生医学是一种再生医学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 基因编辑 基因编辑
背景情况:
- 人类胚胎干细胞 (ESCs) 和诱导多能干细胞 (iPSCs) 是有希望的移植,但面临免疫排斥由于不同的人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 档案.
- 目前的方法需要自身细胞或广泛的细胞系匹配,导致显著的时间和成本负担.
研究的目的:
- 审查开发通用细胞供体线路的策略,以逃避移植医学的免疫排斥.
- 探索调节主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 的方法,以创建普遍耐受的细胞.
主要方法:
- 审查CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑和细胞疗法的进展.
- 分析调节多能干细胞中MHC表达的策略.
- 检查安全机制,以减轻与通用细胞系相关的风险.
主要成果:
- 概念化"现成"的无免疫排斥的通用细胞供体线.
- 确定必要的多方面的方法,以确保MHC匹配之外的外来宿主耐受性.
- 讨论固有的风险,如免疫逃脱和瘤形成.
结论:
- 开发具有普遍耐受性的细胞可以显著减少治疗等待时间,并消除对供体搜索的需求.
- 安全机制对于捐赠细胞的无活化或移除至关重要,以减轻风险.
- 追求通用细胞系有望通过减少移植与宿主疾病风险而改变移植和再生医学,而无需免疫抑制.
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