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相关概念视频

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Schemas01:42

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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早期行动错误处理是由于域一般的惊喜,而后期处理是特定的错误.

Yoojeong Choo1,2, Alec Mather1, Jan R Wessel3,4,2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
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概括

错误后的行为适应包括错误后减速 (PES). 这项研究发现,虽然错误和惊喜起初反应缓慢,但只有错误会触发独特的神经过程以适应更长的处理时间.

关键词:
电脑电磁波解码的解码MVPA MVPA是什么意思认知控制是认知控制.处理错误处理的错误处理错误后的减速是错误后的减速.这是一个惊喜,一个惊喜的惊喜.

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科学领域:

  • 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 心理学 心理学 心理学

背景情况:

  • 认知控制使错误后的行为适应成为可能,通常被观察到为后错误减速 (PES).
  • 最近的理论质疑ESP是否反映了自适应控制,或者仅仅是错误相关惊喜的副产品.
  • 神经成像表明错误和惊喜处理的重叠大脑网络,挑战了专门错误系统的存在.

研究的目的:

  • 调查是否独特的,特定于错误的过程有助于PES超出域一般的惊喜.
  • 要区分底层错误处理的神经机制与一般的惊喜.
  • 确定错误后的行为适应是否是一种独特的认知功能.

主要方法:

  • 利用脑电图 (EEG) 解码和一种新的行为范式.
  • 对76名人类参与者 (男性和女性) 进行了两项实验.
  • 分析了不同响应-刺激间隔的行为反应和神经活动.

主要成果:

  • 无论是错误还是与错误无关的惊喜,都导致短时间间隔的响应速度较慢.
  • 对错误和惊喜的早期神经过程显示交叉解码,表明共享的机制.
  • 在较长的时间间隔中,只有错误引起了持续的减速和明显的神经活动,这表明错误特定的适应.

结论:

  • 错误和惊喜的初始处理涉及到共同的神经机制.
  • 随着额外的处理时间,出现了独特的,针对错误的特定过程,有助于自适应性行为控制.
  • 这些发现支持错误处理在认知适应中发挥着独特的作用,超出了普遍惊喜检测的范围.