实现以健康为导向的空气污染控制需要整合工业颗粒的不平等毒性
Di Wu1, Haotian Zheng2,3, Qing Li4,5
1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Nature communications
|October 14, 2023
概括
控制细颗粒物 (PM) 污染的新健康导向战略优先考虑有毒的工业来源,如铁和钢,与目前的方法相比,大大降低了健康风险和成本.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 当前的空气污染控制策略往往忽略了来自不同工业来源的细颗粒物 (PM) 的不同毒性.
- 这种监督可能导致公共卫生保护不足,污染控制工作的资源分配效率低下.
研究的目的:
- 建议和评估以健康为导向的细颗粒物 (PM) 污染控制策略,将源特定毒性纳入其中.
- 为了比较以健康为导向的方法的有效性和成本效益与传统的基于质量的PM控制方法.
主要方法:
- 综合分析主要工业部门排放的PM2.5的毒性,包括钢铁 (ISI),水泥和电力行业.
- 对拟议的以健康为导向的控制策略 (优先考虑ISI) 与中国目前基于群众的战略 (优先考虑电力部门) 的比较评估.
- 评估每单位毒性功效调整后的PM2.5质量的边际减排成本.
主要成果:
- 来自钢铁工业 (ISI) 的PM2.5排放的毒性大约是水泥和电力工业的十倍.
- 提出的以健康为导向的战略,优先考虑ISI控制,可以比以质量为基础的战略减少人口重量的有毒功率调整后PM2.5暴露的5.4倍.
- 在ISI排放的PM2.5的边际减排成本仅为其他行业在超低排放场景下的四分之一.
结论:
- 以健康为导向的空气污染控制战略,考虑到工业PM源的毒性差异,对于有效的公共卫生保护至关重要.
- 优先控制像ISI这样的高度有毒来源,提供了一种更具成本效益的方法来降低整体颗粒物暴露风险.
- 将毒性纳入空气质量管理可以显著改善人口健康状况,并优化污染控制投资.
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