推进野生林火灾烟雾暴露社区健康脆弱性指数
Jihoon Jung1, Joseph L Wilkins2, Claire L Schollaert3
1Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|October 15, 2023
概括
野火烟雾不成比例地影响弱势社区. 这项研究创建了一个社区健康脆弱性指数 (CHVI),显示高风险地区和人口,帮助应对野火烟雾事件的准备.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 气候科学 气候科学
背景情况:
- 野火烟雾对健康构成重大风险,其影响在人口中分布不均.
- 易受伤害的社区经常承担着野火烟雾暴露的不成比例的负担.
- 了解社区层面的脆弱性对于有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为邻近的美国 (CONUS) 制定县级社区健康脆弱性指数 (CHVI).
- 评估野火细颗粒物 (火-PM2.5) 暴露和社区脆弱性之间的关系.
- 确定最容易受到野火烟雾对健康造成不利影响的人口和地区.
主要方法:
- 使用多个人口和社会经济变量计算的灵敏度和适应能力子指数.
- 综合子指数与从社区多尺度空气质量 (CMAQ) 数据 (2008-2018) 中得出的暴露子指数.
- 分析了火灾-PM2.5水平,CHVI分数和脆弱性分数的人口分布之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 消防PM2.5度较高的县表现出较低的适应能力和更高的敏感性和脆弱性.
- 高风险县由于火灾导致的不健康空气质量日数增加更大-PM2.5.5.
- 数以百万计的人居住在适应能力低,敏感性高,整体脆弱性高的地区,特别是在西北,加利福尼亚和南部地区.
结论:
- 开发的CHVI有效地识别了面临野火烟雾风险较高的社区.
- 调查结果突出了CONUS地区野火烟雾脆弱性的巨大差异.
- 这项研究为公共卫生官员,研究人员和决策者提供了一个关键的工具,以加强对野火事件的准备和应对策略.
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