放牧阻碍了在收获失败期间的种子散布,在正在衰落的树林中
Pedro G Vaz1, Miguel N Bugalho2, Jose M Fedriani3
1cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN- InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
The Science of the total environment
|October 15, 2023
概括
极端的果作物失败可能会使苗木远离母树建立,但牛放牧限制了种子散播距离. 管理牧场对于面临气候变化的木树林是关键.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 林业林业 林业 林业 林业
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 树木中的同步种子生产,即化,在全球范围内具有重要意义,影响了像放牧林地这样的生态系统.
- 越来越频繁和不可预测的作物失败,以及放牧,复杂的种子分散和苗木的建立.
- 杆化失败和放牧对种子动态的综合影响仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查动物介导的子掠食,分散,以及在木树 (Quercus suber) 林区的苗木的出现.
- 为了比较这些过程在牛放牧与非放牧地区在对比的杆年 (作物失败与成功).
- 了解放牧如何影响种子散布和苗木招募在杆变异性下.
主要方法:
- 在葡萄牙中部进行的实地研究,比较了在牧草和非牧草的木地区的子命运.
- 监测动物的掠食,分散距离和苗木的出现,在几年的杆失败和成功期间.
- 量化牛放牧对动物媒介的种子分散的影响.
主要成果:
- 从作物失败年来的玉比那些从成功年来的玉更快,更远地分散.
- 庄稼失败的年份显示出明显更多的分散事件和子掠食.
- 尽管掠食性较高,但未被掠夺的分散的招募率为幼苗的2.4倍.
- 与成功年相比,在作物失败年种子出现的距离是作物失败年的3.4倍.
- 牛放牧显著减少了动物种子分散距离的53%.
结论:
- 矛盾的是,极端的作物失败年可以在更远的距离上增强苗木的建立,提供招聘机会.
- 牛放牧是对动物散播种子的主要制约因素,降低了种子的有效性.
- 软木树林的有效管理,特别是在气候变化下,需要优先考虑健康的树木和管理放牧,特别是在杆失败的年份.
相关概念视频
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.4K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.4K
02:17Ecological Succession
17.3K
Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
17.3K
02:26Ecological Disturbance
17.1K
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
17.1K
02:31Habitat Fragmentation
17.6K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.6K
02:07Conservation of Declining Populations
9.7K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.7K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.6K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.6K