词汇处理强烈影响阅读时间,但在自然阅读时不会跳过
Micha Heilbron1,2,3, Jorie van Haren1, Peter Hagoort1,2
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science
|October 16, 2023
概括
在阅读过程中跳过单词主要是由简单的眼运动因素 (如单词长度和固定位置) 驱动的,而不是语言预测或偏预览. 然而,阅读时间受到预测和预览的重大影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 阅读涉及不同的固定时间和跳过单词.
- 传统上,眼运动因子解释了这些变化,但现代理论强调词汇处理容易,包括预测和偏预览.
- 这些因素在自然阅读中的相对重要性仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 调查语言预测,偏预览和低级眼运动因子对自然主义阅读中的单词跳过和阅读时间的贡献.
- 挑战和完善阅读过程中眼动的现有模型.
主要方法:
- 分析了三大自然主义阅读群体 (104名参与者,150万个单词).
- 利用深度神经网络和贝叶斯理想观察者来模拟时刻对时刻的语言预测和偏预览.
- 将眼运动因素 (固定位置,单词长度) 的解释力与跳过单词和阅读时间的语言因素进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 眼运动因素 (固定位置,单词长度) 解释了绝大多数单词跳转的变化.
- 语言预测和偏预览并不是跳过单词的重要预测因素.
- 预测和预览都显示出对阅读时间的强大,独立的贡献,与受控实验的发现相似.
结论:
- 自然阅读中的单词跳过在很大程度上独立于单词识别,主要由低级眼动信息决定.
- 阅读时间受到预测和预览的影响,支持它们在词汇处理中的作用.
- 这些发现挑战了占主导地位的眼动模型,主张采用替代模型,将跳跃与识别过程分开.
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