中国残疾人的平均预期寿命
Peng Zhan1,2,3, Dongwen Li1,4, Xiang Zhang1,3
1School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, No.866, Yuhangtang Rd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
SSM - population health
|October 16, 2023
概括
中国的残疾人平均预期寿命 (ALE) 比普通人口要短得多. 这凸显了为应对他们独特的健康和长寿挑战而定制的社会政策的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,残疾人的平均预期寿命 (ALE) 显着较低.
- 在中国,关于PWDs的ALE的实证研究仍然有限.
- 现有的数据表明,根据残疾类型和严重程度,预期寿命存在显著差异.
研究的目的:
- 估计ALE,并为中国的PWD构建生命表.
- 根据性别,残疾严重程度和类型分析ALE的变化.
- 为制定针对PWD的有针对性的社会政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用了中国K省 (2015-2017) 基本服务和残疾人需求特别调查 (SSBSND) 中登记的1,359,812名残疾人数据.
- 计算了PWDs的ALE和构建生命表.
- 按性别,残疾严重程度 (最严重) 和残疾类型 (智力,身体,听力,言语,精神,视觉,多重) 进行分层分析.
主要成果:
- 在20岁时,PWDs的ALE为45.2年 (男性) 和48.1年 (女性),与一般人口相比分别为15.0年和16.5年的赤字.
- 最严重残疾的个体的ALE为33.7年 (男性) 和37.1年 (女性).
- ALE因残疾类型而异:智力和身体残疾最短,听力,言语和精神残疾中等,视力和多重残疾最长. 在基本养老保险中,超过30%的残疾人没有活到领取养老金.
结论:
- 中国的PWD面临着大幅缩短的预期寿命,需要紧急的政策干预.
- 在PWDs中存在ALE的显著差异,强调需要差异化支持策略.
- 目前的社会政策,特别是有关退休福利的社会政策,对于寿命较短的PWD来说可能不足.
相关概念视频
01:29Intellectual Disability
60
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
60
01:22Life Tables
112
A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
112
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
2.8K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
2.8K
01:22Applications of Life Tables
74
Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
74