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预测气候变化对北大西洋水下声音传播的影响
Luca Possenti1, Gert-Jan Reichart1,2, Lennart de Nooijer1
1Ocean Systems (OCS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands.
PeerJ
|October 16, 2023
概括
气候变化正在增加海洋噪音,影响海洋生物. 未来的变暖可能会形成水下声音通道,使船只噪音能够进一步传播,特别是在北大西洋.
科学领域:
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 声学 声学 在声学方面
- 气候科学 气候科学
背景情况:
- 由于人类活动增加,例如航运和资源勘探,海洋的噪音越来越大.
- 气候变化,包括气温上升和海洋酸化,正在改变海洋条件,并可能影响水下声音传播.
- 海洋酸化 (<10kHz) 增强了远程声音传播,而温度变化可以创建或消除声音通道.
研究的目的:
- 调查气候变化对全球水下声音传播的影响.
- 在不同的气候变化场景下 (SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5) 建模未来的海洋声音传播.
- 分析声音速度形状的变化及其对声音传播距离的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用数值建模来模拟水下声音传播.
- 从社区地球系统模型v2 (CESM2) 中纳入了2094-2098年的预测气候变量 (温度,盐度,pH,风速).
- 分析了不同深度 (5,125,300,640米) 和声压水平 (SPL_tot) 的声速档案.
主要成果:
- 在大多数深度预测的全球声速增加,除了北大西洋和挪威海.
- 北大西洋预计将有新的地下声道 (上200米),使船舶噪声在500公里以上的海域传播.
- 到本世纪末,总平均平方压力水平 (SPL_tot) 增加高达7dB,与上200米的SPL_tot增加和大西洋南部翻转循环 (AMOC) 的减缓相关.
结论:
- 气候变化显著改变了水下声音传播,为增强远程噪声传输创造了条件.
- 在像北大西洋这样的关键地区,地下声道的形成对海洋生态系统构成风险,原因是人为噪音增加.
- 未来的海洋噪声水平预计将上升,需要采取缓解策略来保护海洋生物免受声污染的影响.
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