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相关概念视频

Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

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Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

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Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

125
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving01:12

Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving

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Pappus and Guldinus's theorems are powerful mathematical principles that are used for finding the surface area and volume of composite shapes. For example, consider a cylindrical storage tank with a conical top. Finding the surface area or volume can be challenging for such complex shapes. These theorems are particularly useful in calculating the volume and surface area of such systems. Here, the cylindrical storage tank with a conical top can be broken down into two simple shapes: a...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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Published on: June 13, 2025

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陶托学形式解释:事先的知识是否会影响它们的可满足性?

Ivan Aslanov1, Ernesto Guerra1

  • 1Center for Advanced Research in Education, Institute of Education, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Frontiers in psychology
|October 16, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

正式的解释,即使是保证词,也比明确的保证词更有说服力. 这种心理现象似乎是普遍的,不受文化或语言差异的影响.

关键词:
分类标签 类别标签 分类标签解释 解释 解释 解释正式解释,正式的解释.之前的知识 之前的知识律学 (tautology) 是一种词法学.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 语言学的语言学.
  • 科学哲学的科学哲学

背景情况:

  • 带有分类标签的正式解释通常被认为比明确的定律论更令人满意.
  • 隐含的复词形式解释的感知满足仍然未被充分探索.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较从 tautological 形式解释和明确的 tautologies 和适当的解释中获得的满意度.
  • 调查先前对标签定义的知识对解释满意度的影响.
  • 评估文化和语言因素在接受正式解释中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 对智利 (N=50) 和俄罗斯 (N=51) 的学生进行了两项实验.
  • 参与者对不同类型的解释的说服力进行了评价:分别是 tautological formal, explicit tautological 和 proper 解释.
  • 收集了对标签定义的知识和人口统计信息.

主要成果:

  • 陶托学形式解释被评为比明确的陶托学更有说服力,尽管不如适当的解释.
  • 这种效应不论参与者是否先前了解定义,都会持续下去.
  • 没有观察到文化或语言背景的显著影响.

结论:

  • 具有分类标签的正式解释具有令人信服的效果,即使它们本质上是复词的.
  • 这种效应似乎是一种强大的心理现象,在不同的文化和语言群体中可能是普遍的.
  • 这些发现有助于理解正式解释及其跨文化接收的心理基础.