如果机会敲门:理解情境因素对认知系统的影响
A E Gornik1,2, L A Jacobson1,2, L G Kalb1,3,4
1Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Research on child and adolescent psychopathology
|October 16, 2023
概括
儿童获得机会显著提高认知能力,特别是语言发展. 更大的机会与更强的语言,视觉感知和注意力有关,语言技能显示出最大的影响.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 研究领域标准 (RDoC) 框架强调了背景在认知发展中的作用.
- 结构性机会,定义为获得资源的机会,是影响儿童发展的关键上下文因素.
- 了解机会对认知系统的影响对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究儿童如何获得结构性机会影响RDoC认知构造:语言,视觉感知和注意力.
- 量化机会对这些认知技能的独特贡献.
- 探索机会与认知发展之间的关系中的与年龄相关的差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自16523名年龄在4-18岁之间的青少年心理评估的临床数据.
- 使用儿童机会指数2.0 (COI) 测量结构性机会,这是一个基于社区的综合得分.
- 采用统计分析来评估COI和认知技能之间的关联,控制人口和社会经济因素.
主要成果:
- 获得更多机会的机会与更强的语言,视觉感知和注意力技能有显著的关联.
- 机会解释了语言技能 (8.4%) 的最大差异,其次是视觉处理 (5.8%) 和注意力 (<2%).
- 观察到年龄的缓解作用,表明长时间接触低机会会对语言技能产生负面影响.
结论:
- 儿童时期的结构性机会是多个领域认知发展的重要预测因素.
- 语言技能似乎对社区资源和机会的质量特别敏感.
- 研究结果支持制定量身定制的临床建议和政策倡议,以加强儿童获得机会的机会.
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