在Omicron时代的SARS-CoV-2演变
Cornelius Roemer1,2, Daniel J Sheward3, Ryan Hisner4
1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Nature microbiology
|October 16, 2023
概括
自2022年以来,SARS-CoV-2 Omicron变种已经显著多样化. 通过重组,漂移和融合突变的进化驱动新的血统并改变病毒抗原性.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 2022年SARS-CoV-2 BA.5 (Omicron) 的出现和传播标志着Omicron血统之间显著多样化的时期.
- 了解推动这种多样化的进化机制对于公共卫生监测和应对至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查各种SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚系出现的进化轨迹和潜在过程.
- 确定最常见的Omicron亚系,并讨论它们的潜在起源.
- 探索重组,抗原漂移和SARS-CoV-2进化中的融合进化的作用.
主要方法:
- 审查科学文献和基因组监测数据.
- 进化过程的分析,包括重组,抗原漂移和融合进化.
- 识别和跟踪流行的SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚系. 识别和跟踪流行的SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚系.
主要成果:
- 自2022年以来,Omicron血统显著多样化,几个子血统成为主导.
- 简单和复杂的重组事件,与抗原漂移和融合进化一起,促进了突变的积累.
- 这些突变改变了病毒的抗原性,影响了免疫逃避和传播能力.
结论:
- SARS-CoV-2 的持续多样化,特别是 Omicron,是由明确的进化机制驱动的.
- 由这些过程产生的抗原变化对疫苗和治疗策略构成持续的挑战.
- 未来的SARS-CoV-2进化轨迹需要持续监测和研究.
相关概念视频
00:36Viral Mutations
32.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
15.2K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.2K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.1K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.1K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.5K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.5K
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.1K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.1K
01:24Eukaryotic Evolution
34.8K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
34.8K