儿童保育的质量和中国留守儿童的发育迟缓
Kelly Lin1, Yu-Ming Zhou2, Hai-Ping Ma3
1Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Pediatric research
|October 16, 2023
概括
父母在中国的劳动移民导致了儿童保育质量的下降和留下的孩子的发育延迟. 需要采取解决农村和城市不平等问题的政策,以减轻这些对儿童发展的负面影响.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会经济学 社会经济学
背景情况:
- 中国的农村-城市迁移,由经济差异驱动,导致数百万儿童被遗弃.
- 这些孩子经常接受不理想的托儿服务,引发了人们对其发展轨迹的担忧.
- 现有的研究强调了落后儿童的发育迟缓,但儿童保育质量的作用仍未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查在中国农村地区留下的三岁以下儿童的儿童护理质量与发育迟缓之间的关联.
- 根据世界卫生组织的育儿护理框架,制定和验证儿童护理质量指数.
主要方法:
- 2017年,在中国农村进行了一项跨部门全国调查,重点关注被遗弃的儿童.
- 探索性和确认性因素分析被用来构建一个全面的儿童保育质量指数.
- 通过多层次分析,确定了与儿童护理质量和儿童发展相关的因素,无论是在省级还是个人层面.
主要成果:
- 该研究发现,在国内生产总值 (GDP) 较高的省份,留下的风险儿童的患病率更高.
- 被遗弃的儿童在儿童保育质量方面的平均得分最低.
- 多层次分析表明,省级因素对观察到的儿童保育质量和儿童发展结果的差异作出了重大贡献.
结论:
- 父母为就业而迁移,虽然提高了家庭收入,但与儿童保育质量下降和发育迟缓风险增加产生了权衡.
- 调查结果强调,需要采取旨在减少中国农村和城市之间的社会经济和就业机会不平等的政策.
- 解决这些系统性不平等对于改善由于父母移民而落后的儿童的发展结果至关重要.
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