在美国的类动物和类动物中的狂犬病,2011-20-20
Dariusz A Hareza1, Ricky Langley2, Xiaoyue Ma3
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E Monument Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Journal of wildlife diseases
|October 17, 2023
概括
动物和形动物的狂犬病病例很少见,土和海的阳性率更高. 尽管自1993年以来数量有所减少,但这些物种仍值得关注,以保护公共健康.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 狂犬病是一种致命的病毒性脑炎,影响所有哺乳动物,蝙蝠和半肉食动物是主要的储存库.
- 动物和形动物很少受到狂犬病的影响,因此患病率数据对于暴露后预防决策至关重要.
- 了解这些物种当前的狂犬病趋势对于公共卫生风险评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 更新2011年至2020年美国动物和形动物狂犬病的流行情况.
- 根据物种分析狂犬病病例数据,并确定百分比阳性趋势.
- 为这些动物种群中狂犬病预防和控制的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 来自美国和波多黎各实验室检测机构 (2011-2020) 的狂犬病报告被动收集 (2011-2020).
- 描述性分析计算狂犬病百分比阳性的物种.
- 在物种之间和随时间推移的阳性率的统计比较.
主要成果:
- 在2011年至2020年期间,在动物和形动物中报告了总共401例狂犬病病例.
- 报告的病例中有90%以上是土,其趋势与子狂犬病相似.
- 鼠和北美海狂犬病的阳性比其他动物/形动物明显高,类似于蝙蝠和子.
结论:
- 动物和形动物的狂犬病很少见,但因物种而异, groundhogs 和 beavers 具有更高的风险.
- 尽管自1993年以来,土狂犬病的数量显著下降,但这些物种需要持续监测.
- 这些发现有助于公共卫生官员管理狂犬病风险,并为暴露后预防的决定提供信息.
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