人类和动物冠状病毒对ACE2的特定物种利用的决定因素
Qingxing Wang1, Sabrina Noettger1, Qinya Xie1
1Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
Communications biology
|October 17, 2023
概括
了解冠状病毒 (CoV) 如何使用人类ACE2受体是预防动物传播疾病的关键. 这项研究揭示了影响Cov入境的特定ACE2变异,并表明COVID-19疫苗可能对蝙蝠Cov提供交叉保护.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 人类ACE2受体促进蝙蝠冠状病毒 (CoV) 进入人类细胞,包括SARS-CoV-2.
- 对于物种特定的ACE2使用决定因素和使用人类ACE2的动物CoV的流行程度的了解有限.
研究的目的:
- 研究各种冠状病毒 (CoV) 控制特定物种ACE2受体使用的分子决定因素.
- 评估COVID-19疫苗接种对蝙蝠Cov病毒动物病的保护潜力.
主要方法:
- 利用VSV伪病毒测试Spike蛋白介导的ACE2受体参与在九种宿主物种.
- 分析了ACE2受体变异和特定的CoV尖端蛋白突变 (例如R493Q,T403R).
- 评估了针对蝙蝠Sarbecoviruses接种COVID-19疫苗的个人血清的中和活性.
主要成果:
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种显示增强了 ACE2 的使用,但 BA.4/5 和 XBB 中的特定突变 (R493Q) 破坏了与大马蝙蝠 ACE2 的结合.
- 31,41,354的ACE2残留物对特定物种的Cov Spike蛋白-ACE2相互作用至关重要.
- 一个T403R突变使RaTG13蝙蝠Cov尖能够有效地利用各种ACE2的正义基因.
- 接种COVID-19疫苗引发了对多种蝙蝠Sarbecoviruses的Spike蛋白的中和抗体.
结论:
- 在一系列的CoV中确定了ACE2受体使用的关键决定因素.
- 研究结果表明,通过对动物性蝙蝠CovV的COVID-19疫苗接种,可能会产生交叉保护性免疫力.
- 强调了解COV-ACE2相互作用对于流行病准备的重要性.
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