能源减少的地中海饮食,体力活动和身体组成:PREDIMED-Plus随机临床试验的临时子组分析
Jadwiga Konieczna1,2, Miguel Ruiz-Canela2,3, Aina M Galmes-Panades2,4
1Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
JAMA network open
|October 18, 2023
概括
地中海饮食和体力活动干预措施显著减少了超重和代谢综合征的老年人体脂肪和保持了瘦肉量. 这种生活方式干预是改善身体组成和预防慢性疾病的关键.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 针对身体成分的策略对于预防超重个体的慢性疾病至关重要.
- 随机临床试验很少报告生活方式干预对直接量化的身体组成的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估生活方式减肥干预措施对整体和区域身体组成变化的影响.
- 评估了低能量的地中海饮食和体育活动对身体脂肪和肌肉质量的影响.
主要方法:
- 对PREDIMED-Plus随机临床试验的临时子组分析,涉及1521名超重/肥胖和代谢综合征的参与者 (55 - 75岁).
- 参与者被随机分配到减少能量的地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 加上体力活动 (PA) 或通常的护理.
- 在3年内使用双能X射线吸收计测量身体成分,并使用多变量线性混合效应模型进行分析.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,干预组在3年后显示总脂肪百分比和内脏脂肪质量减少更大.
- 干预组的参与者体验到更大的肌肉质量百分比增加.
- 干预组更有可能在身体组成方面实现临床上有意义的改善.
结论:
- 结合减少能量的MedDiet和PA的生活方式干预措施可以显著减少超重/肥胖和代谢综合征的老年人总和内脏脂肪.
- 这种干预措施还有助于减轻与年龄相关的瘦肉量损失.
- 需要进一步的随访,以确认长期的心血管结果.
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