在尼泊尔的家用水和地表水中对伤寒型沙门氏菌的环境采样确定了潜在的传播途径
Christopher LeBoa1,2, Sneha Shrestha3, Jivan Shakya4
1Stanford University, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
|October 18, 2023
概括
河水,而不是饮用水,是加德满都沙门氏菌Typhi和沙门氏菌Paratyphi传播的主要来源. 这项研究强调河流是由于污染和用于食品制备而造成的严重伤寒暴露风险.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 沙门氏菌Typhi和沙门氏菌Paratyphi通过便口服传播引起伤寒.
- 在尼泊尔加德满都的先前研究中,石头水沟被确定为主要的传播途径.
- 水平面的下降使得水龙头变得过时,需要确定当前占主导地位的传播途径.
研究的目的:
- 在加德满都山谷确定沙门氏菌Typhi和沙门氏菌Paratyphi的主要传播途径.
- 评估饮用水和河水在伤寒传播中的作用.
- 调查与潜在病原体暴露有关的人与环境相互作用.
主要方法:
- 使用qPCR检测饮用水和河水样本中的沙门氏菌DNA的环境监测.
- 从2019年2月到2021年7月,收集了370个家庭饮用水样本和380个河水样本.
- 对沿河的人类活动进行结构化的观察,以了解暴露风险.
主要成果:
- 沙门氏菌Typhi和沙门氏菌ParatyphiA分别在1.8%和1.0%的饮用水样本中检测到.
- 河水样本显示了高污染率:45%的沙门氏菌Typhi和42%的沙门氏菌Paratyphi A.
- 河流污染下游增加,与观察到的人类活动如洗和蔬菜洗相吻合.
结论:
- 在加德满都,饮用水不太可能是伤寒的主要传播途径.
- 受到污染的河流系统,特别是由于它们在食品制备中的使用,造成了严重的风险伤寒暴露.
- 进一步的干预措施应侧重于减轻与河水污染相关的风险.
相关概念视频
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