吸血鬼蝙蝠的肠道微生物转移与免疫有关,因为在人类扰乱的景观中改变了饮食
Ramona Fleischer1, Christie Jones2, Paula Ledezma-Campos3
1Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
The Science of the total environment
|October 18, 2023
概括
人类土地使用的变化影响了野生动物,改变了普通吸血鬼蝙蝠的饮食和肠道微生物. 这种转变会影响他们的免疫系统,可能会影响疾病传播动态.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 人为土地利用变化改变了生态系统,影响了野生动物的行为,多样性和物种间接触.
- 人为改造的环境与新出现的传染病有关,对人类和动物健康构成风险.
- 常见的吸血鬼蝙蝠 (Desmodus rotundus) 是适应人类改变的息地和牲畜养的例子,这对狂犬病传播有影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查息地扰乱,饮食变化,肠道微生物群组成和普通吸血鬼蝙蝠的免疫标记之间的关系.
- 评估土地利用变化如何影响吸血鬼蝙蝠种群的养生态和健康.
- 了解人类干扰对野生动物健康和疾病动态的间接影响.
主要方法:
- 在哥斯达黎加的普通吸血鬼蝙蝠息洞穴周围量化息地干扰.
- 使用稳定同位素分析 (碳和) 评估长期饮食偏好 (牲畜与野生动物血液).
- 评估了先天性和适应性免疫标志物和特征性肠道微生物群组成.
主要成果:
- 在牛场附近息的蝙蝠在饮食中显示了更多的牲畜血液.
- 肠道微生物的丰富性和特定的细菌丰度因食偏好而有所不同.
- 吃野生动物血液的蝙蝠有更多的Edwardsiella sp.,与更高的免疫球蛋白G水平相关.
结论:
- 人类土地使用的变化可以通过饮食引起的肠道微生物群的改变来间接影响野生动物的健康和疾病的出现.
- 常见的吸血鬼蝙蝠的饮食变化会影响它们的肠道微生物组和免疫状态.
- 这些发现对理解人类修饰生态系统中宿主免疫力和病原体易感性有影响.
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