在家族性和遗传性结直肠癌中采取预防策略
Zachariah H Foda1, Pooja Dharwadkar2, Bryson W Katona3
1The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology
|October 18, 2023
概括
预防策略对于具有家族病史或遗传综合征 (如林奇综合征) 的人来说至关重要,可显著降低结肠直肠癌风险. 本综述详细介绍了风险评估,遗传检测以及诸如结肠镜检查和化疗预防等干预措施.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 是一个主要的全球健康问题,其中很大一部分与家族和遗传倾向有关.
- 具有家族病史或特定遗传综合征 (例如,林奇综合征,家族腺瘤多重症) 的个人面临显著升高的CRC风险.
- 有效的预防策略对于减轻高风险人群中CRC发病率和死亡率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为因家族或遗传因素而增加结直肠癌风险的个人提供当前预防策略的全面概述.
- 强调早期识别和干预在管理遗传性结直肠癌中的关键作用.
- 讨论各种预防措施的好处和局限性.
主要方法:
- 关于家族性和遗传性结直肠癌的当前文献的综述.
- 讨论风险评估方法和遗传检测协议.
- 预防干预措施的分析,包括监视结肠镜检查,化疗预防和预防性手术.
主要成果:
- 通过基因检测和风险评估来识别有风险的个人和家庭至关重要.
- 监视结肠镜检查,化疗预防和预防性手术是具有不同有效性和适用性的关键预防措施.
- 量身定制的预防策略对于管理各种遗传性结直肠癌综合征至关重要.
结论:
- 预防策略对于减少患有家族性或遗传性风险因素的个体患结直肠癌的负担至关重要.
- 综合的方法,包括风险评估,遗传咨询和及时干预是必要的,以获得最佳的结果.
- 对优化化学预防和外科预防的进一步研究可以加强CRC预防工作.
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