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高致病性禽流感H5病毒的偶发复发

Ruopeng Xie^1,2, Kimberly M Edwards^1,2, Michelle Wille^3,4

¹School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

|October 18, 2023

概括

高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1正在全球蔓延,在野生和家禽中出现新的起源和适应性. 了解这些转变对于有效缓解H5N1疫情的策略至关重要.

科学领域:

兽医科学
流行病学
基因组学

背景情况:

自2021年以来,高度致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1活动在全球范围内加剧.
这导致野生鸟类和家禽的死亡率显著,哺乳动物感染率增加.
HPAI H5N1演变的生态和病毒学驱动因素尚不清楚,阻碍了缓解努力.

研究的目的:

研究HPAI H5病毒的起源变化和演化动态.
了解最近HPAI H5N1泛动物病的生态和病毒学转变.
通过确定关键的适应点,为未来的减缓战略提供信息.

主要方法:

对2016年至2022年的疫情数据进行流行病学分析.
空间分析以追踪地理分布和起源.
基因组分析以识别病毒突变,重组事件和进化途径.

主要成果:

2016-2017年和2020-2021年复发的HPAI H5事件导致了2021-2022年H5N1泛动物流感.
2016-2017年流行病源于亚洲; 2.3.4.4b H5N8在2020-2021年在非洲家禽中出现.
一种新的H5N1病毒在2021-2022年通过重新分类在欧洲野生鸟类中演变,在全球传播.
在野生鸟类中增加HPAI H5的持续性促进了地理和宿主扩张,加速了分散和重新分类.

结论:

HPAI H5的流行中心已经转移到亚洲以外,在家禽野生鸟交界处发生了显著的适应.
增加病毒适应和重组潜力需要加强监测和控制措施.
针对家禽的消除策略仍然是限制未来HPAI H5流行病的首要任务.

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