航空决策不足导致致命的一般航空事故
Aerospace medicine and human performance
|October 19, 2023
概括
一般航空飞行员经常忽视航空决策 (ADM) 实践,导致致命事故. 虽然环境因素有所改善,但与飞行员有关的问题仍然存在,需要新的安全策略.
科学领域:
- 航空安全航空安全
- 航空中的人类因素
- 事故分析 事故分析
背景情况:
- 一般航空 (GA) 的安全记录比航空公司更差.
- 自1991年以来,航空决策 (ADM) 实践已在GA飞行员中得到推广.
- 这项研究评估了GA飞行员对ADM无视的程度.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定一般航空飞行员多么频繁地忽视航空决策实践.
- 确定导致私人飞行员死亡事故的特定ADM缺陷.
- 分析三十年来ADM相关事故的趋势.
主要方法:
- 从NTSB数据分析了私人飞行员在单发动机飞机上的1481起致命事故 (1991-2019).
- 通过使用PAVE和IMSAFE模型得分的起飞/不起飞和飞行中的事故.
- 使用统计测试,包括波桑分布和曼-惠特尼U测试.
主要成果:
- 在1481起事故中,846起与ADM缺陷有关.
- 危险环境决策 (54%),不考虑健康 (21%),不熟悉飞机 (20%) 是ADM的关键失败.
- 由于环境决定导致的致命事故在30年内下降了64%,但其他领域几乎没有改善.
- 无视冰/雷暴预报的仪器级飞行员在与天气有关的事故中明显过度代表.
结论:
- 飞行员,飞机和ADM的外部压力领域的缺陷几乎没有改善.
- 需要新的战略来解决私人飞行员持续存在的ADM缺陷.
- 针对环境风险,特别是恶劣天气的有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
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