父母的社会经济地位很弱地预测了超出一般认知能力的特定认知和学术技能
Giacomo Bignardi1,2, Silvana Mareva1, Duncan E Astle1
1MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Developmental science
|October 19, 2023
概括
父母的社会经济地位 (SES) 影响孩子的认知发展,主要是通过一般认知能力. 然而,词汇技能从社会经济优势中受益,当将一般能力考虑在内时,执行功能在不利的情况下得到改善.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 父母的社会经济地位 (SES) 是儿童神经认知发展的强有力的预测因素.
- 现有的理论表明,特定的认知技能,如语言和执行功能,特别容易受到SES的影响.
- 评估这些关系是复杂的,因为认知测试不是纯粹的测量,并且在分数之间存在很高的相关性.
研究的目的:
- 调查父母SES与认知发展之间的关联是否由一般认知能力或特定认知技能介导.
- 在控制一般认知能力后,检查SES对特定认知测试成绩的独特贡献.
- 识别特定的认知技能,这些技能可能对社会经济优势或劣势特别敏感.
主要方法:
- 利用结构方程建模 (SEM) 来分析来自英国和美国的三个大规模队列 (超过16360名参与者,年龄在6-19岁) 的数据.
- 对潜伏的一般认知能力进行控制,以隔离SES对特定认知测试成绩的影响.
- 检查了父母SES与各种认知评估之间的关联,包括词汇和执行功能.
主要成果:
- 家长的SES是潜在的一般认知能力的重要预测因素.
- SES与大多数特定认知测试成绩之间的关联在很大程度上可以通过一般认知能力来解释.
- 社会经济优势与更强的词汇表现有独特的联系.
- 当控制一般认知能力时,社会经济劣势与更好的执行功能有独特的联系.
结论:
- 社会经济地位和认知发展之间的联系主要由一般认知能力的差异来解释.
- 特定的认知技能与SES有着微妙的关系,词汇从优势中受益,执行功能从劣势中受益.
- 了解这些特定的关系对于制定有针对性的干预措施来减少认知发展中的社会经济差异至关重要.
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