胰岛素和衰老 - 一个令人失望的关系
Hubert Kolb1,2, Kerstin Kempf2, Stephan Martin1,2
1Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
降低胰岛素水平和改善胰岛素敏感性可能会促进长寿和健康. 饮食和运动等生活方式选择可以增强细胞应激反应,抵消与年龄相关的疾病.
科学领域:
- 老年学和代谢研究.
- 细胞生物学和衰老问题
背景情况:
- 胰岛素信号通路在衰老研究中至关重要,在模型生物体中,降低胰岛素水平与寿命有关.
- 在人类中,高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗与加速衰老和与年龄相关的疾病相关,包括神经退行症和2型糖尿病.
研究的目的:
- 探索胰岛素信号在人类衰老和与年龄有关的疾病中的作用.
- 了解胰岛素对健康和寿命的影响的细胞机制.
- 为了确定生活方式干预措施,可以减轻胰岛素的亲老化效应.
主要方法:
- 对动物模型 (虫,果,小鼠) 和人类数据的实验研究的综述.
- 对胰岛素细胞反应的分析,包括Nrf2激活,AMP激酶和未折叠的蛋白质反应.
- 检查与年龄相关的胰岛素敏感性变化和细胞应激适应的研究.
主要成果:
- 高水平的胰岛素促进脂肪储存,蛋白质积累,线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激.
- 胰岛素诱导的细胞应激触发了适应性反应 (Nrf2,AMPK,UPR),这些反应在人类中随着年龄的增长而变得不那么有效.
- 人类的衰老与胰岛素敏感性降低和适应性应激反应受损有关,与寿命较短的模型生物不同.
结论:
- 胰岛素耐药性和高胰岛素血症有助于减少人体的健康寿命和增加与年龄有关的疾病的风险.
- 促进低胰岛素水平和增强细胞抗压能力的生活方式干预,如饮食限制和运动,可能对健康的衰老有益.
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