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在广泛的社区甲型肝炎爆发期间可预防的死亡 - 美国,2016-2022年
Megan G Hofmeister1, Neil Gupta1,
1Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|October 19, 2023
概括
甲型肝炎的爆发导致死亡人数大幅增加,特别是在吸毒者和无家可归者中. 大多数死亡的人都有接种疫苗的迹象,但没有接种疫苗,这凸显了需要增加乙型肝炎疫苗的覆盖率.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 甲型肝炎是一种可以通过疫苗预防的疾病,通过便-口腔途径传播.
- 虽然A型肝炎通常是轻微的,但会导致严重的并发症和死亡.
- 最近在美国 (自2016年以来) 发生的广泛疫情,不成比例地影响了吸毒者和无家可归者.
研究的目的:
- 描述最近在美国爆发期间与甲型肝炎相关的死亡人数,风险因素,临床和死亡原因数据.
- 评估疫情影响人口中已死亡个体的疫苗接种情况.
主要方法:
- 分析了美国27个州的数据,报告了2016年8月至2022年10月期间的甲型肝炎爆发相关死亡.
- 审查死亡证明,以确定甲型肝炎作为死亡原因的作用.
- 死亡者的人口统计学特征,风险因素和疫苗接种史.
主要成果:
- 在60%的分析死亡证明中,甲型肝炎是潜在的或有助于死亡的原因.
- 与疫情相关的死亡人数在2019年达到峰值,死亡时的平均年龄为55岁.
- 大多数死者是男性 (73%),非西班牙裔白人 (84%),并有接种疫苗的迹象 (例如,吸毒,无家可归,病毒性肝炎共感染),但只有4%接种了疫苗.
结论:
- 甲型肝炎的爆发导致死亡率大幅增加,死亡者中疫苗接种率低得令人担忧.
- 有针对性的疫苗接种策略对于预防未来死亡至关重要,尤其是在高风险成年人群中.
- 在风险群体中增加甲型肝炎疫苗的覆盖率对于减轻严重的结果和死亡率至关重要.
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