开发和优化一个系统的方法来识别领先的服务线:一个社区的成功
Patrick Smart1, Liam McRae1, Casey Formal2
1MSK Engineers, PE, MSK Engineers 150 Depot Street, Bennington, VT, United States.
Water research
|October 19, 2023
概括
确定服务线 (LSL) 对于减少饮用水中的至关重要. 使用视觉观测,完全冲洗 (FF) 样本和顺序配置样本 (SPS) 的逐步方法实现了98%的准确性,并降低了67%的成本.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 水质工程 水质工程
背景情况:
- 服务线 (LSL) 是饮用水中污染的主要来源.
- 准确识别LSL对于有效的替换计划至关重要,但服务线材料记录往往不可靠.
- 佛蒙特州本宁顿市面临不确定的服务线记录的挑战,需要一个项目来识别和取代LSL.
研究的目的:
- 评估各种方法的准确性和成本效益,以识别领先的服务线材料.
- 为了比较记录审查的准确性,视觉观测,水采样 (完全冲洗和顺序配置) 和测试挖掘.
- 确定一种最佳的逐步方法来识别LSL,以告知公共卫生决策.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项对照组研究,涉及159个家庭 (99个LSL,60个非LSL).
- 方法包括记录审查,视觉服务线观测,全冲洗 (FF) 和顺序型样本采集 (SPS) 以及测试挖掘.
- 计算了每个方法的准确率和逐步方法.
主要成果:
- 对于已知的LSL (90%) 的记录准确度很高,但对于非LSL (3%) 的记录准确度很低.
- 序列型样本 (SPSs) 在LSL识别上显示95%的准确性,而完全冲洗 (FF) 样本的准确性为73%.
- 通过将视觉观测,FF样本和SPS相结合的逐步方法,在识别LSL方面取得了98%的准确性,与测试挖掘相比,降低了67%的成本.
结论:
- 整合视觉检查和水采样方法的逐步方法对于识别LSL非常准确.
- 这种方法与测试挖掘等传统方法相比,可以大大节省成本.
- 调查结果为管理LSL替代计划和公共卫生保护的官员提供了关键指导.
相关概念视频
Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
51
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
51
Design Example: Designing a Residential Plumbing System
713
The design of residential plumbing systems requires carefully evaluating water demand, flow rates, and pressure dynamics to ensure both efficiency and reliability. The nature of water flow within pipes is defined by its Reynolds number, which classifies flow as either laminar (smooth) or turbulent.
713
Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel
109
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
109
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
52
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
52
Multiple Pipe Systems
769
Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
769
Profile Leveling and Cross Sections
274
Profile leveling and cross-sections are surveying methods used to determine and document terrain elevations for infrastructure projects such as highways, railroads, canals, and pipelines. These methods provide data for earthwork planning and alignment of proposed routes. Profile leveling involves measuring elevations along a fixed line to create a vertical terrain profile. A surveyor sets up a leveling instrument at the benchmark (BM) and records a backsight (BS) to determine the...
274


