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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

354
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
354
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

888
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
888
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

293
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
293
Language Development01:22

Language Development

378
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
378
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

221
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
221
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.4K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.4K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

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话语连贯性调节在句子理解过程中使用预测处理.

Georgia-Ann Carter1, Paul Hoffman2

  • 1Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation, School of Informatics; University of Edinburgh, UK.

Cognition
|October 19, 2023
PubMed
概括

当话语变得不连贯时,读者会减慢阅读速度,从而降低他们预测即将到来的单词的能力. 这项研究表明,话语连贯性在阅读理解过程中影响词汇预测.

科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 语境对于阅读理解至关重要.
  • 预测即将到来的单词有助于词汇处理.
  • 全球背景和预期违反影响预测.

研究的目的:

  • 调查话语连贯性是否调节词汇预测.
  • 检查读者如何根据话语一致性调整预测.
  • 确定读者是否在不一致的情况下降低预测.

主要方法:

  • 在线,自我节奏的阅读实验.
  • 通过cloze概率操纵局部促进.
  • 使用序言和目标句子操纵话语连贯性.

主要成果:

  • 在不太连贯的话语中阅读速度较慢.
  • 可预测的单词在连贯话语中被处理得更快.
  • 在语义上异常的单词在连贯的话语中被处理得更慢.

结论:

  • 读者对话语主题的变化非常敏感.
关键词:
话语连贯性 话语连贯性预测性处理是一种预测性处理.以自己的节奏阅读.

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  • 预测处理在话语不连贯期间是下调的.
  • 理解者根据上下文可靠性灵活调整预测.