澳大利亚疫苗可预防疾病流行病学综述系列:破伤风 2003-2019年
Eliora SG Morris1, Aditi Dey2, Kaitlyn Vette1
1Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)
|October 19, 2023
概括
澳大利亚的成年人风强化剂推对公共卫生产生了积极影响,在65岁及以上的个人中显著减少了风通知和住院治疗. 需要进一步的战略来改善这一群体的疫苗接种覆盖率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗接种是为了免疫.
背景情况:
- 风风仍然是一个公共卫生问题,特别影响澳大利亚的老年人群.
- 了解结病的趋势对于评估疫苗接种策略的有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估成年人风强化剂推对澳大利亚风通知,住院和死亡率的影响.
- 评估2013年关于65岁及以上成年人抗原含量降低的白风-细胞性百日咳 (dTpa) 疫苗增剂的建议的有效性.
主要方法:
- 分析2003-2019年间关于风通知,住院和死亡的国家数据.
- 在引入65岁以上成年人复发推之前 (2003-2012) 和之后 (2013-2019) 结节病发病率的比较.
- 根据年龄组,性别,土著和托雷斯海峡岛民身份以及州/地区的数据分层.
主要成果:
- 结核病不成比例地影响65岁及以上的个人,占2003-2019年期间63%的通知和100%的死亡.
- 在2013年推之后,65岁以上的年平均破伤风报告率显著下降 (0.11/100,000至0.05/100,000,p=0.01).
- 在65岁以上的老年人群中,风住院率也在推后显著下降 (0.24/100,000至0.10/100,000,p=0.01).
结论:
- 2013年推的成人破伤风增强剂对减少老年澳大利亚人的破伤风发病率和住院治疗产生了积极影响.
- 尽管有积极的影响,但老年人群中风的负担仍然更高.
- 建议加强提高澳大利亚老年人疫苗接种覆盖率的战略,以进一步减轻破伤风险.
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