在可卡因依赖中的血内分类素及其与大脑甲基胺酸受体5密度的关系
Sara L Kroll1, Lea M Hulka2, Ann-Kathrin Kexel2
1Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. saraliane.kroll@bli.uzh.ch.
Translational psychiatry
|October 19, 2023
概括
这项研究在依赖可卡因的使用者中发现了更高的2 - 阿拉基多诺伊尔甘油醇 (2 - AG) 水平,将外围的2 - AG与大脑甲基胺-5受体 (mGluR5) 密度联系起来. 这些发现表明,内分泌大麻素系统 (ECS) 是可卡因依赖的潜在治疗点.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 内分泌大麻素系统 (ECS) 调节压力和奖励,这是成中至关重要的过程.
- 临床前研究将ECS和metabotropic-glutamate-5受体 (mGluR5) 与可卡因的强化作用联系起来.
- 需要进行人体研究来证实ECS在可卡因成中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 在慢性可卡因使用者 (CU) 中研究血内分泌素 (eCB) 和N-乙乙醇胺 (NAE).
- 探索这些化合物与大脑mGluR5密度之间的关系.
- 在人类群体中验证临床前发现.
主要方法:
- 在CU和对照组中比较了安纳米德 (AEA),2-阿拉基多诺伊尔甘油醇 (2-AG),棕乙烯胺 (PEA) 和乙烯胺 (OEA) 的血含量.
- 在基线和12个月后评估血水平以保持稳定.
- 使用11C-ABP688正子发射断层扫描 (PET) 测量mGluR5脑密度及其与子样本中的eCBs/NAEs的关联.
主要成果:
- 依赖性CU显示血2-AG水平明显高于娱乐性CU和对照.
- 在12个月的随访期间,2-AG血水平保持稳定.
- 血2-AG和大脑mGluR5密度之间的积极关联仅在CU中观察到.
结论:
- 结果支持动物发现可卡因依赖中改变的ECS.
- 周围的2-AG水平与可卡因使用障碍患者的中央mGluR5密度有关.
- 对于新的可卡因依赖治疗方法来说,ECS是潜在的目标.
相关概念视频
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
207
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
207
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
489
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
489
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents
1.6K
Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
1.6K
CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents
160
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
160
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
220
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
220
Drug Dependence
1.0K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.0K


