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相关概念视频

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

538
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
538
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.6K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

331

一个线粒体检查点适应性抗癌免疫.

Oliver Kepp1,2,3, Peng Liu1,2, Guido Kroemer1,2,4

  • 1Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.

Oncoimmunology
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
概括

该BCL2蛋白保持线粒体的完整性,抑制先天免疫和亡. 新的数据显示,BCL2也抑制了树突细胞的适应性免疫力,这表明它具有广泛的免疫抑制作用.

关键词:
抗原呈现方式在CGAS中,CGAS是最重要的.免疫检查点抑制剂 免疫检查点抑制剂免疫性细胞死亡 免疫性细胞死亡我们的mtDNA mtDNA这是一种I型干扰子.

更多相关视频

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
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Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells

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Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry
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Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

331
Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
06:55

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells

Published on: October 19, 2021

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Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry
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Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 众所周知,BCL2蛋白保持了线粒体的完整性.
  • 它还抑制了先天的免疫信号传递和编程细胞死亡 (细胞亡).

研究的目的:

  • 研究BCL2在适应性免疫反应中的作用.
  • 为了确定BCL2是否具有更广泛的免疫抑制功能.

主要方法:

  • 分析最近的实验数据.
  • 专注于树突细胞在适应性免疫中的功能.

主要成果:

  • BCL2限制了树突细胞启动适应性免疫反应的能力.
  • 这一发现将BCL2已知的功能扩展到天生的免疫力之外.

结论:

  • BCL2表现出一种普遍的免疫抑制功能.
  • 它充当线粒体免疫检查点,调节先天性和适应性免疫.