气候变化将在多大程度上降低高科技供应链中的生产力? 来自晶片制造业的证据
Jingnan Chen1, Miguel A Fonseca1,2, Anthony Heyes3
1Economics Department, Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PU UK.
概括
全球气温上升降低了工人的生产力,即使在气候控制的环境中. 这项研究表明,高热量显著减少了高科技制造业的产量,突出显示了气候变化.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 工业工程 工业工程 工业工程
背景情况:
- 由于气候变化,全球热天的频率越来越高.
- 高温对人类生产力和经济产出的潜在影响.
- 需要了解技术先进环境中的适应策略.
研究的目的:
- 调查高室外温度对高技术制造环境中的生产率的影响.
- 量化热对工作数量和质量的影响.
- 评估技术适应是否可以减轻热量对生产力的不利影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了中国一家晶片制造商35,190个班次的个人数据.
- 使用湿泡温度作为热应力的测量.
- 使用计量经济学模型来确定温度和生产率之间的关系,控制室内气候系统.
主要成果:
- 观察到湿球温度上升对工人的生产力有显著的负面影响.
- 通过输出数量和质量来衡量的生产率,每增加1摄氏度湿球温度 (在首选的线性模型中),就会下降8.3%.
- 这些影响仍然存在,尽管制造工厂是室内,具有先进的气候控制,这表明热的普遍影响.
结论:
- 高室外温度会对高科技制造业的生产率产生负面影响,即使使用了气候控制系统.
- 由于劳动生产率下降,气候变化对工业化国家构成重大经济风险.
- 进一步研究技术和运营适应对于减轻这些不利影响至关重要.
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