美国儿童在早期护理中所经历的不平等
Sarah Flood1, Joel McMurry2, Aaron Sojourner3
1Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The journal of economic perspectives : a journal of the American Economic Association
|October 20, 2023
概括
社会经济地位 (SES) 显著影响儿童的早期护理经验. 更高的SES儿童获得更高质量的护理,无论是父母还是非父母,加剧了不平等.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 社会经济的不平等.
- 幼儿教育 儿童早期教育
背景情况:
- 父母和非父母的照顾极大地影响了儿童早期的发展.
- 社会经济地位 (SES) 是儿童获得资源和机会的关键决定因素.
- 了解SES之间的护理质量差异对于解决发展不平等至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 根据社会经济地位 (SES) 来量化6岁以下儿童的照顾经验差异.
- 研究SES如何影响家长和非家长照顾的类型,质量和成本.
- 调查家长和非家长护理质量之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对美国儿童保育的主要全国代表性数据集的分析.
- 使用SES代理人的护理经验量化,主要是母亲教育.
- 通过自我报告和外部观察员来衡量护理质量.
主要成果:
- 高SES的孩子花的时间较少与父母和更多的时间在非父母的照顾.
- 对高SES儿童的非家长照顾更常见于高质量的托儿所.
- 较高的SES儿童获得了明显更高质量的和更昂贵的护理,无论是父母还是非父母.
结论:
- 根据社会经济地位,幼儿护理质量存在重大不平等.
- 更高质量的非家长照顾与更高质量的家长照顾有关,加强了现有的差异.
- 可能需要政策干预,以确保所有儿童均可获得高质量的幼儿护理.
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