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使用地理空间技术进行城市化和洪水风险分析
Raphael Ane Atanga1, Vitus Tankpa2, Isaiah Acquah1
1Department of Geography Education, Faculty of Social Sciences Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.
PloS one
|October 20, 2023
概括
阿克拉的快速城市化导致了土地使用的重大变化,增加了洪水灾害. 不规划的城市发展,特别是水道发展,与1991年至2015年洪水事件的增加直接相关.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 灾害管理 灾害管理
背景情况:
- 城市化显著改变了土地利用和土地覆盖,影响了水文系统.
- 阿克拉经历了快速的城市增长,引发了人们对洪水脆弱性增加的担忧.
- 了解城市扩张和洪水灾害之间的联系对于有效的城市规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查城市化与阿克拉洪水灾害增加之间的关系.
- 从1991年到2015年,绘制和分析土地使用/土地覆盖面的变化.
- 为了将城市化模式与洪水事件的频率和强度相关联.
主要方法:
- 利用从1991年到2015年的遥感数据分析土地使用/土地覆盖面变化.
- 对大阿克拉地区历史洪水事件数据的审查.
- 统计分析以确定城市化模式与洪水灾害趋势之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 城市土地使用/土地覆盖率增加了95.51% (1991-2002) 和129.14% (2002-2015).
- 城市化以计划外的方式发生,大量的开发侵占了水道.
- 从1991年到2015年,洪水灾难事件呈现出日益增长的趋势,在某些年份出现反复发生的事件.
结论:
- 无计划的城市化和对水道的侵占是阿克拉洪水灾害增加的关键驱动因素.
- 基于证据的规划对于减轻与城市发展相关的洪水风险至关重要.
- 城市规划者,政策制定者和洪水管理人员之间的协调努力是必要的,以解决日益严重的洪水问题.
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