移民政策冲击和婴儿健康
1Department of Economics, Connecticut College, United States of America.
Economics and human biology
|October 20, 2023
概括
积极的移民政策,如1986年移民改革法案 (IRCA),改善了婴儿健康结果. 相反,增加移民执法,如移民和海关执法局 (ICE) 的逮捕,对外国出生的母亲产生了负面影响,增加了出生体重和低出生体重 (LBW) 的风险.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 移民政策对公众健康有重大影响,尤其是对外国出生的母亲等弱势群体.
- 了解移民政策转变对婴儿健康的影响对于基于证据的政策制定至关重要.
- 以前的研究还没有完全阐明特定的移民政策变化和婴儿健康指标之间的因果关系.
研究的目的:
- 评估积极和消极的移民政策冲击对美国婴儿健康结果的影响.
- 分析移民政策重大事件后,平均出生体重和低出生体重 (LBW) 发生率的变化.
- 区分支持移民的移民政策与以执法为重点的移民政策的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用三倍差方法来比较出生结果.
- 分析了大都会统计区 (MSA) 层面的数据,比较了出生在国外和出生在美国的母亲.
- 检查了1986年移民改革法案 (IRCA) 之前和之后的变化以及2017年移民和海关执法 (ICE) 逮捕的增加.
主要成果:
- 较高的IRCA申请与外国出生的母亲的平均出生体重增加和LBW发病率降低 (3-6%) 相关联.
- 越来越多的ICE逮捕与外国出生的母亲的平均出生体重下降和LBW发病率增加 (3-7%) 相相关.
- 对于来自拉丁美洲和中美洲国家的母亲来说,ICE逮捕的负面影响更为明显,西班牙裔母亲的LBW增加了12%.
结论:
- 移民政策对婴儿健康结果有直接和可衡量的影响.
- 支持移民的政策似乎有利于婴儿健康,而更严格的执法政策带来风险.
- 需要针对弱势移民群体采取有针对性的干预措施和支持性政策,以减轻不利的健康影响.
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