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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

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葡萄糖皮质体受体-NECAB1轴可以负面调节胰腺β细胞中的胰岛素分泌

Haruhide Udagawa1,2, Nobuaki Funahashi3, Wataru Nishimura4,5

  • 1Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.

Scientific reports
|October 20, 2023
PubMed
概括

脂肪细胞衍生因素,包括像皮质醇这样的类固醇激素,通过增加NECAB1,胰腺β细胞功能,增加胰岛素分泌的负调节者. 这一发现揭示了与肥胖相关的糖尿病机制.

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A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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