减轻贫困是否可以提高认知能力? 来自随机对照试验的短期和长期证据
Barnabas Szaszi1, Bence Palfi2, Gabor Neszveda3
1Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.
概括
无条件的现金转移对利比里亚的认知表现产生了微小,不确定的影响. 对执行职能的影响小于预期,并且在各个措施中存在差异.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展经济学是发展经济学.
背景情况:
- 扶贫计划旨在改善社会经济地位.
- 认知表现对于个人和社会发展至关重要.
- 无条件现金转移 (UCT) 是一个突出的减贫战略.
研究的目的:
- 研究UCTs对认知表现的因果影响.
- 评估现金转移的短期和长期影响.
- 将结果与之前的非随机研究进行比较.
主要方法:
- 利比里亚的随机对照试验 (RCT) 涉及低收入,高风险人群.
- 干预组获得了200美元的一次性无条件现金转账.
- 在短期和长期随访中,使用执行功能指标评估认知表现.
主要成果:
- 现金转移对认知表现的观察效果大小小小于之前的研究表明.
- 根据贝叶斯分析,短期效应大小 (b = .13) 和长期效应大小 (b = .08) 是不确定的.
- 多元分析表明结果没有被替代分析规范持续地改变.
结论:
- 在这种情况下,UCTs对认知表现的显著影响的证据是不确定的.
- 现金转移可能会对执行职能的各个子组件产生不同的影响.
- 调查结果强调了严格的RCT在评估社会干预措施中的重要性.
更多相关视频
06:58Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
Published on: January 24, 2020
7.4K
08:54Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
Published on: June 6, 2025
300
相关概念视频
01:30Information Processing Approach
45
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
45
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
309
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
309
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
125
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
125
01:27Language and Cognition
354
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
354
01:21Cognitive Learning
249
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
249
01:17Cognitivism
1.4K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.4K