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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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皮质造形手术前空白囊回形图:要做还是不做?

Ismail Selvi1, M İrfan Dönmez1, Enes Değirmenci1

  • 1İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.

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大约9%的儿科患者患有尿管盆结阻塞 (UPJO),同时也患有黄囊血管逆流 (VUR). 诸如发烧性尿路感染,较高的前后直径 (APD) 和较低的体厚度 (PT) 等因素可以预测VUR.

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科学领域:

  • 儿科泌尿外科 儿科泌尿外科
  • 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
  • 医疗成像医学成像

背景情况:

  • 尿道盆腔结口阻塞 (UPJO) 是儿童先天性水缩的一个常见原因.
  • 膀外流 (VESICOURETERAL REFLUX,简称VUR) 是另一种可能导致损伤的严重疾病.
  • UPJO和VUR的同时发生需要谨慎的诊断和管理策略.

研究的目的:

  • 确定患有单边UPJO的儿科患者中VUR的发生率.
  • 确定预测这些患者VUR存在的临床和超声波因素.

主要方法:

  • 对381名接受单边皮叶塑性手术 (2000-2017年) 的儿科患者进行了回顾性审查.
  • 对270名符合条件的患者进行分析,随访时间至少为5年.
  • 收集的数据包括人口统计数据,水缩等级,骨前后直径 (APD),体厚度 (PT) 和VUR状态.

主要成果:

  • 同时VUR在8.9%的患者中被发现 (24/270).
  • 预测VUR的预测因素包括发烧性尿路感染 (UTI) 的表现,较低的辅酶体厚度 (PT<3.95毫米) 和较高的前后直径 (APD>28.8毫米).
  • 高度VUR (III-V) 在75%的受影响患者中被观察到,其中50%患有ipsilateral VUR.

结论:

  • 同时的VUR发生在约11名UPJO儿科患者中,约有1名UPJO儿科患者接受热塑性手术.
  • 在患有发烧性尿路感染,较高APD和较低PT的患者中,手术前的空囊尿路图表可能特别有价值.
  • 75%的同时出现VUR的患者需要为VUR进行手术.