净效应解释了母亲食用鱼对儿童的好处,尽管鱼中的甲基含有甲基
Philip Spiller1, Edwin van Wijngaarden2, Heather R Adams2
1Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Neurotoxicology
|October 22, 2023
概括
孕妇从吃鱼中受益,因为omega-3脂肪酸超过了对儿童神经发育的甲基风险. 增加鱼类摄入量支持更好的认知结果,这与之前的担忧相反.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 2001年,美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 建议孕妇由于甲基的担忧而限制鱼类摄入量.
- 最初的担忧是基于涉及从试点食用中接触甲基的研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估怀孕期间鱼类消费的净影响,考虑有益的营养素和有害污染物.
- 调和关于孕妇食用鱼类的相互矛盾的公共卫生建议.
主要方法:
- 美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 和世界卫生组织/粮食及农业组织 (WHO/FAO) 的独立评估同时考虑了omega-3脂肪酸和甲基.
- 分析了超过20万名母婴对的流行病学数据,检查了鱼类消费和神经发育结果.
主要成果:
- 美国食品和药物管理局和世卫组织/粮农组织的评估都估计,怀孕期间定期食用鱼类可以改善儿童的神经发育.
- 人类研究显示,鱼类消费与神经发育之间有51种有益的关联和3种有害的关联,好处往往超过风险.
- 即使在甲基暴露水平超过美国环境保护署 (EPA) 的参考剂量 (RfD) 时,也观察到有益的结果.
结论:
- 净效应方法为怀孕期间鱼类消费的益处提供了整体的解释.
- 经验证据支持净效应模型,表明鱼类营养素的好处超过了甲基的风险.
- 公共卫生建议应鼓励孕妇增加鱼类消费,以支持儿童的神经发育.
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