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无塑性甲状腺癌:对仍然是致命疾病的更好理解
Eoin F Cleere1, Sarah Prunty1, James P O'Neill1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
概括
无塑性甲状腺癌 (ATC) 预后不佳,大多数患者呈现晚期疾病. 然而,最近的向疗法显示出改善这种罕见癌症的结果的希望.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 无形成性甲状腺癌 (ATC) 是一种罕见的,不分化的甲状腺恶性瘤,占所有甲状腺癌的不到2%.
- ATC的特点是有侵略性的进展和可悲的预后,平均存活时间为3-6个月.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于当前对空中交通管制的理解的全面概述.
- 讨论ATC分子洞察和治疗策略的最新进展,参考2021年美国甲状腺协会 (ATA) 的指导方针.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed和Cochrane数据库进行了文献审查,优先考虑了过去五年的研究.
- 机构经验也被纳入,以提供对ATC管理和预后的当代视角.
主要成果:
- 大多数ATC患者 (80-90%) 患有转移性疾病,这强调了癌症在诊断时的晚期性质.
- 尽管有激进的传统治疗方法,如手术和化疗放射治疗,生存率仍然很低.
- 关键的瘤基因突变 (BRAF,RAS,PI3K,PTEN,TP53,TERT) 涉及到ATC的发展,有针对性的疗法,如达布拉芬尼布/特拉美丁尼布显示的潜力.
结论:
- 形甲状腺癌的预后仍然具有挑战性.
- 针对特定突变的新兴向疗法为改善瘤治疗结果提供了充满希望的前景.
- 预计将进行进一步的研究和临床数据,以澄清这些新型治疗方法对ATC存活率的影响.
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