接种疫苗可以预防COVID-19阳性患者的严重肺病:一项病例对照研究
Sreesupria Ravichandran1, Keerthika Vijayakumar2, Vishwajit G V2
1Community Medicine, Government ESIC Medical College, Coimbatore, IND.
Cureus
|October 23, 2023
概括
两剂COVID-19疫苗,COVISHIELD和COVAXIN,显著减少严重的肺部感染. 接种疫苗对于预防严重的COVID-19至关重要,特别是在脆弱人群中.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 由于COVID-19的流行,需要快速开发和部署疫苗.
- 广泛使用的是COVISHIELD (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) 和COVAXIN (BBV152).
- 在现实世界中,疫苗的有效性需要在最初的临床试验之外进行评估.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估COVAXIN和COVISHIELD的疫苗有效性 (VE).
- 确定在18岁以上的RT-PCR确诊的COVID-19患者中预防严重肺病的VE.
- 为了比较单剂和多剂疫苗的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及260名RT-PCR阳性COVID-19患者 (130例,130例对照) 的病例控制研究.
- 病例被定义为患者>50%的肺部参与基于放射性发现.
- 疫苗接种状况通过采访来评估;调整后的几率比率用于计算VE.
主要成果:
- 一次剂量疫苗的有效率为55.2% (95%C.I. 11.0%-77.5%). 这是一个很大的问题.
- 两剂疫苗的高效率为98.0% (95%CI). 85.0%至99.7%). 这是一个很大的变化.
- 两剂疫苗在减轻肺部参与方面明显比单剂更有效.
结论:
- 两剂接种方案在减少COVID-19相关的肺部参与方面优于单剂接种方案.
- 继续强调疫苗接种对于预防严重的COVID-19至关重要,特别是对于老年人和免疫力低下的人来说.
- 疫苗接种仍然是管理持续的COVID-19传播和严重性的关键策略.
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