学习阅读加强了在听觉声学意识任务期间,腹腔皮质和上皮质之间的功能连接
Jin Wang1,2, Marc F Joanisse3, James R Booth2
1Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|October 23, 2023
概括
早期的阅读技能增强了语音和拼写区域之间的大脑连接. 这表明阅读加强了声音和字母之间的联系,改善了儿童的语音意识.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 语音意识对于阅读发展至关重要.
- 自动拼写激活,字母表示在语音任务中的参与,与阅读技能相比,还不太清楚.
- 之前的研究探讨了声学处理和阅读技能之间的联系,但忽视了自动拼写激活的作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查自动拼写激活在儿童阅读能力发展中的作用.
- 为了检查阅读能力和神经处理声学和正写信息之间的纵向关系.
- 了解阅读学习如何影响发育中的大脑中语音和拼写处理之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于测量40名儿童的大脑活动.
- 孩子们在两个时间点完成了一个听觉声学任务,大约相隔1.5年.
- 参与者的阅读技能在两个时间点都被评估,初始年龄在5.5至6.5岁之间.
主要成果:
- 早期的阅读能力是后来的功能连接的重要预测因素.
- 在发病处理过程中,观察到左上旋 (声学区域) 与左后腹角角皮层 (正义区域) 之间的连接性增加.
- 这表明,连接声音和字母表示的神经通路得到了加强.
结论:
- 学习阅读通过完善声学表示方式,影响声学意识.
- 阅读学习还可以在口语处理过程中加强语音和字母之间的自动映射.
- 这些发现突显了阅读技能与语言处理背后的神经机制之间的双向关系.
相关概念视频
Association Areas of the Cortex
5.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.4K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
3.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.9K
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
888
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
888
Auditory Pathway
5.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
Auditory Perception
343
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
343
Language and Cognition
354
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
354


