暴露在自然界的好处:需要研究,以便更好地告知实施情况
Michelle Marvier1, Peter Kareiva2, Desiree Felix2
1Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053.
概括
城市绿地被推广为福祉,但研究需要改进. 未来的研究应该探索多样化的自然偏好,并比较绿化干预措施,以实现公平的城市自然接入.
科学领域:
- 环境心理学 环境心理学
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球对城市绿地越来越感兴趣的原因是研究将自然暴露与改善人类福祉联系在一起.
- 目前关于自然暴露和幸福感的研究面临局限性,包括观测研究的主导地位和短暂的,通常是室内或虚拟的自然暴露.
- 生物多样性对心理健康的具体益处仍然缺乏证据,自然偏好的文化差异在很大程度上尚未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 突出目前自然暴露研究的局限性,以告知城市规划.
- 确定现有研究中的关键差距,包括需要调查文化偏好,并将绿化干预措施与其他城市改进进行比较.
- 倡导新一代的研究,可以指导可持续发展和公平的城市绿地发展.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的自然暴露研究方法,注意到依赖观察设计和短时间暴露等局限性.
- 在福祉研究中分析了"自然"和"生物多样性"之间的共同关联,发现缺乏生物多样性对特定心理影响的证据.
- 检查在自然偏好中忽视文化和种族差异的原因,以及对绿化干预与其他城市改善策略进行比较的研究的稀缺性.
主要成果:
- 大多数自然暴露研究 (>80%) 是观察性的,很少有实验研究使用短暂的室内或虚拟自然暴露.
- 有有限的证据表明,生物多样性特别增强了人类的心理和情感健康.
- 研究在探讨文化和种族群体在自然偏好方面的差异时,始终显示出异质的反应,很少有研究将绿化干预与其他城市生活改善进行比较.
结论:
- 现有的研究不足以为实际的城市绿化策略提供信息,原因是方法上的局限性和尚未探索的变量.
- 未来的研究必须解决自然偏好中的文化多样性,并严格地比较各种绿化干预措施与其他城市发展战略的有效性.
- 一个下一代的研究议程对于创建可持续的城市,为所有居民提供增强和公平的自然机会至关重要.
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