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相关概念视频

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
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通过进化过程中作为结构性核元素的膜.

Jacob Odell1, Jan Lammerding2

  • 1Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Current opinion in cell biology
|October 23, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

层状蛋白是核蛋白,对脊椎动物的核结构和基因调节至关重要. 在像阿米巴这样更简单的生物体中研究层状同类物提供了进化见解,并可能揭示脊椎动物层状物质的新功能.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 层状蛋白是核中间丝蛋白质,对核力学,染色体组织和脊椎动物的基因表达至关重要.
  • 关键的层层功能在基底元动物 (如Drosophila和Caenorhabditis elegans) 中发现的同类物中得到保存.

研究的目的:

  • 调查非甲动物生物,特别是Dictyostelium discoideum中的层同类的功能比较,与它们的甲动物同类进行比较.
  • 通过研究与远距离相关的膜来增强对真核生物进化的理解.
  • 探索从非甲状动物同类中获得的关于脊椎动物层状函数的潜在新见解.

主要方法:

  • 层蛋白序列和结构的比较分析.
  • 在模型生物中进行功能性测试 (例如,Dictyostelium,C. elegans,Drosophila).
  • 核膜蛋白相互作用研究.

主要成果:

  • 在非甲基动物真核生物中识别和表征层状同类物.
  • 最初的功能性比较显示了保留和分离的角色.
  • 证据表明,在真核生物中,一些层状功能在进化过程中得到了保护.

结论:

  • 拉米因代表了一个古老的蛋白质家族,其角色早于甲状动物分歧.
  • 研究非甲基动物层的研究提供了一个更广泛的进化视角,关于核包裹组织.
  • 通过对不同类型的真核生物进行层层的比较研究,可以揭示基本的生物过程和潜在的治疗点.