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树叶形状和习惯的全球生物地理

Haozhi Ma¹, Thomas W Crowther², Lidong Mo²

¹Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland. haozhi.ma@usys.ethz.ch.

|October 23, 2023

概括

全球树叶类型受到温度和土壤的控制,影响生态系统的碳和水循环. 这项研究量化了叶类分布和生物量,预测了森林未来的气候压力.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
森林科学森林科学森林科学
生物地质化学生物地质化学

背景情况:

全球树叶类型的变化是了解生态系统动态的关键,但目前对影响因素和针叶,宽叶,常青和叶树的全球比例的知识是不完整的.
叶类型分布的不确定性阻碍了对陆地生态系统功能的准确建模,例如碳和水循环.

研究的目的:

进行森林叶类型变异的全球评估.
确定叶子形状和习惯的关键环境驱动因素.
估计不同树叶类型的全球比例和生物量,并预测未来的气候影响.

主要方法:

集成的全球,地面来源的森林库存数据与叶形 (宽叶与针叶) 和习惯 (常青与落叶) 的记录.
分析了叶类型变化与环境因素 (如异热度,土壤特性和温度) 之间的关系.
树叶类型的量化全球分布和地表生物量.

主要成果:

叶子习惯的变化主要是由异热性和土壤特征驱动的,而叶子形状主要是由温度驱动的.
估计的全球树木个体比例:38%的针叶常青,29%的宽叶常青,27%的宽叶落叶,5%的针叶落叶.
在地面上的生物质分布:21%是针叶常青,54%是宽叶常青,22%是宽叶落叶,3%是针叶落叶.

结论:

确定了全球树叶类型分布的关键气候和土壤驱动因素.
提供了树叶类型比例和生物质的关键定量估计,这对于生态系统建模至关重要.
预计未来气候将对现有森林类型造成重大压力,到本世纪末将影响17-34%的森林面积,这凸显了改善碳循环预测的必要性.

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