美丽的诱惑:人们选择统计信息的表示主要基于吸引力,而不是可理解性
Wolfgang Gaissmaier1,2, Kevin E Tiede1,3,4, Rocio Garcia-Retamero5
1Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
概括
人们经常根据吸引力而不是理解力来选择图形表示. 与随机分配相比,允许选择并没有改善理解,突出了需要更容易访问的图形.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 卫生传播健康传播
- 数据可视化 数据可视化
背景情况:
- 个人对理解图形与数值统计信息的能力有所不同.
- 评估个人的理解能力,以将其与最佳表示相匹配,往往是不切实际的.
- 自我选择信息格式是改善风险沟通的一个潜在策略.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人是否选择他们最了解的统计表示 (图形或数字).
- 确定允许代表选择是否提高了风险理解.
- 检查图文素养和数学素养对表示选择和理解的影响.
主要方法:
- 160名参与者的实验比较了信息呈现的"选择"和"随机分配"条件.
- 参与者通过图形或数字格式获得了关于止痛药益处/副作用的信息.
- 评估包括基本知识和字面知识,信息可访问性,表现吸引力,图形素养和算术能力.
主要成果:
- 在"选择"条件下,62.5%的人更喜欢图形表示,而不管图形识字或算术.
- 与随机分配相比,表示选择略有改善了字面知识,但没有提高总体理解或总体理解.
- 选择表示的参与者发现它更有吸引力,图形选择者报告了更高的可访问性.
结论:
- 个人并不可靠地选择他们最了解的统计表征;吸引力往往驱使选择.
- 允许在表示格式中进行选择并不本质上提高对随机分配的理解能力.
- 未来的努力应集中在开发具有吸引力且易于被各种受众理解的图形表示上,包括那些图形素养较低的受众.
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