重复研究和重复测试对测试效应和随着时间推移的转移效应的影响
Lingwei Wang1, Jiongjiong Yang2
1School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
Memory & cognition
|October 24, 2023
概括
检索实践 (RP) 提高了对测试项目和相关信息的记忆力. 重复的研究或测试可以增强记忆的保留,组合方法可以优化测试和非测试信息的长期回忆.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 学习的神经科学学习的神经科学.
背景情况:
- 检索实践 (RP) 与再研究 (RS) 相比,提高了对测试项目的记忆 (测试效应) 和相关项目的记忆 (转移效应).
- 以前的研究经常结合了重复的研究和测试,掩盖了重复和测试机会对记忆的独立影响.
- 重复研究和测试对测试和转移效应的时间动态的影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究重复研究和重复测试在调节测试和随时间转移效应方面的不同作用.
- 确定重复研究或测试如何影响直接检索和相关的非检索信息的记忆保留和忘记曲线.
- 在不同的研究和测试重复条件下检查测试和转移效应的时间稳定性.
主要方法:
- 参与者研究了描述情节的句子,然后在检索实践 (RP),再研究 (RS) 或对照条件下的子集上进行了测试.
- 对所有研究信息的记忆回忆在10分钟,1天和7天的保留间隔后被评估.
- 该研究操纵了重复研究和/或重复测试机会的存在.
主要成果:
- 通过重复研究或重复测试来增强测试效果.
- 转移效应只有在使用重复研究和重复测试时才出现.
- 重复的研究或测试减缓了被检索物品的遗忘;在两次重复时都发生了对未被检索物品的遗忘. 测试效应随着时间的推移而增加,而转移效应保持稳定.
结论:
- 重复的研究和重复的测试在增强记忆中起着不同的作用,组合的重复对转移效应至关重要.
- 重复研究和重复测试都有助于长期记忆和减少对检索信息的遗忘.
- 将检索实践与重复学习相结合,为促进测试和非测试信息的长期记忆保留提供了最佳策略.
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