神经类型听众如何识别通过高功能自闭症演讲者通过声音线索表达的情绪
Mindy T Gibson1, Maren Schmidt-Kassow2, Silke Paulmann1
1Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|October 24, 2023
概括
神经类型的听众在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 发言者中不同地感知情绪基调. 男性自闭症发言人的情感表现不那么被认可,而女性自闭症发言人则表现出不同的模式,这表明自闭症的情感表达方式各异.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 语音感知 语音感知
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种影响社会互动和沟通的神经发育状况.
- 情感表情,在声音中表达和感知情感,是社会沟通的关键方面.
- 之前的研究表明,自闭症患者在情绪化表现方面面临挑战,但研究结果各不相同,特别是在性别差异方面.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究神经类型 (NT) 听众与NT说话者相比,如何感知高功能自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 患者的声音中的情绪基调.
- 探索在ASD中表达和感知情感表情的潜在性别特异性差异.
- 分析男性和女性自闭症发言人的情绪发声的声学和感知特征.
主要方法:
- 研究1:NT听众在男性和女性ASD和NT说话者所说的句子中识别出了情感表现 (愤怒,恐惧,快乐,惊喜,中立).
- 研究2:对语音的一个子集进行了对价值,语音调制和语音控制的评分.
- 使用了受控的实验设计,与匹配的扬声器组和听众感知任务相匹配.
主要成果:
- 男性自闭症发言者的情绪表达被认知不那么准确,而不是男性NT发言者的情绪表达.
- 女性ASD发言者的情绪比女性NT发言者的情绪更准确地被分类,除了恐惧.
- 自闭症说话者表现出不同的语音调节和积极情绪的显示规则,男性自闭症说话者在语音提示使用中被认为不太适合.
结论:
- 男性自闭症发言人的非原型语音使用可能会导致社交互动困难.
- 与男性相比,女性自闭症发言者表现出明显的情感表现模式,并不反映出相同的感知缺陷.
- 研究结果强调了在研究自闭症谱系障碍中情绪化表现的研究中考虑性别的重要性.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
104
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
104
01:26Emotional Expression
252
Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
252
01:20Labeling Emotion
145
Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
145
02:34Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
01:24Facial Feedback Hypothesis
168
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
168
01:20Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused
80
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
80