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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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辐射暴露在体外生命支持中的辐射暴露

Sudhir Krishnan1, Edward Soltesz2, Justin Hanks1

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ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|October 24, 2023
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

身体外膜氧化 (ECMO) 患者通常会接受高剂量的辐射,超过国际辐射保护委员会 (ICRP) 的限制. 计算机断层扫描和干预性放射学对这种累积有效剂量 (CED) 有着显著的贡献.

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科学领域:

  • 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
  • 医学物理 医学物理
  • 关键护理医学 关键护理医学

背景情况:

  • 身体外膜氧化 (ECMO) 需要经常进行放射性成像.
  • 患者在ECMO期间的辐射暴露是一个越来越令人担忧的问题,可能会超过既定的安全限值.

研究的目的:

  • 评估成年ECMO患者的电离辐射累积有效剂量 (CED).
  • 将辐射暴露与国际辐射保护委员会 (ICRP) 的建议进行比较.
  • 确定在ECMO和住院期间导致高辐射剂量的来源.

主要方法:

  • 对306个成年ECMO入院的回顾性观察研究 (2016-2018).
  • 基于放射学研究的参考值计算CED.
  • 在ECMO和整个住院期间对辐射暴露的分析.

主要成果:

  • 在ECMO期间,4.5%的患者超过了ICRP5年累积限值 (100mSv);14.7%在整个住院期间超过了它.
  • 在ECMO期间的中位CED为2.3mSv,为17.4mSv的中位住院CED贡献13%.
  • 计算机断层扫描 (CT) 和干预放射 (IR) 在ECMO期间占CED的88%以上,在住院期间占89%.

结论:

  • 很大一部分ECMO患者接受了大量的辐射剂量,CT和IR是主要的贡献者.
  • 目前的辐射暴露水平凸显了对ECMO患者修订指导方针和缓解策略的需要.
  • 更长的住院时间与累计有效剂量增加相关,强调了整个患者住院期间辐射管理的重要性.