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同一个地方,不同时间,抬头:多种反掠食者对重新殖民的顶峰掠食者作出反应

Bruno Esattore^1,2, Agnese Carlotta Rossi³, Francesco Bazzoni³

¹Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815,104 00, Uhříněves, Prague, Czech Republic.

Current zoology

|October 25, 2023

概括

意大利的鹿 (Dama dama) 在应对狼 (Canis lupus) 时表现出时间回避和提高警,而不是空间回避. 这种反捕食者行为的转变对于理解捕食者-猎物动态至关重要.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
行为生态学行为生态学
保护生物学保护生物学

背景情况:

反捕食者行为对于猎物的生存至关重要,对捕食者的时空反应是研究的关键领域.
欧洲大型食肉动物的恢复需要了解它们对猎物行为的影响以及潜在的生态系统层面的后果.
在地中海生态系统中,鹿 (Dama dama) 和狼 (Canis lupus) 的相互作用正在重新出现.

研究的目的:

在地中海保护区调查休鹿对狼重新殖民的反捕食者行为反应.
评估休鹿对狼存在的反应所采用的空间和时间回避策略.
量化与狼活动有关的休鹿警行为的变化.

主要方法:

密集的摄像头被用来监测休鹿和狼之间的时空关联.
在森林息地研究了鹿的警 (速率和持续时间).
分析了两种物种的检测率,以推断行为反应.

主要成果:

狼和休鹿的检测率显示出空间关联,但鹿并没有避开具有更高捕食者检测率的区域.
观察到时间活动模式的显著差异:狼主要是夜间活动,而休息的鹿主要是白天活动.
鹿表现出日间活动增加,与稳定的狼存在相关.
雌性休息鹿的警率和持续时间都随着当地狼活动频率的增加而增加.

结论:

落山鹿主要采用时间回避和提高警作为对抗狼的反捕食者战术.
这些发现表明,休鹿的行为转变,适应了顶级捕食者的存在.
了解这些行为调整对于管理捕食者-猎物动态和生态系统健康来恢复食肉动物景观至关重要.

关键词:

抗捕食者反应的反应鹿鹿是什么意思鹿是什么意思两种物种之间的相互作用.时间模式的时间模式.警的警警的警

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