中大西洋尼诺现象的出现
Lei Zhang1,2, Chunzai Wang1,2, Weiqing Han3
1State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Science advances
|October 25, 2023
概括
大西洋尼诺,在赤道大西洋的变暖,有两种不同的类型:中部和东部. 中部类型越来越多地影响厄尔尼诺-南方振荡 (ENSO),尽管大西洋尼诺整体减弱.
科学领域:
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 大气科学 大气科学
背景情况:
- 大西洋尼诺,以赤道大西洋海面变暖为标志,可以启动拉尼诺,这是厄尔尼诺-南方振荡 (ENSO) 的冷阶段.
- 尽管自20世纪70年代以来,大西洋尼诺现象有30%的减弱,但它对ENSO的影响仍然存在.
- 这种持久性表明了比以前理解的更复杂的机制.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查大西洋尼诺减弱和其持续的ENSO影响之间的差异.
- 识别和区分不同类型的大西洋尼诺事件.
- 分析这些类型对热带气候和ENSO的影响.
主要方法:
- 对海面温度数据的分析,以确定不同的大西洋尼诺模式.
- 已识别的中央和东大西洋尼诺气候类型的气候影响的比较.
- 评估每种大西洋尼诺的频率和强度最近的趋势.
主要成果:
- 确定了两种不同类型的大西洋尼诺:中部和东部.
- 与东部类型相比,中大西洋尼诺对热带气候的影响更大.
- 东大西洋尼诺已经显著减弱 (大约. 50%),允许中央类型主导ENSO影响.
结论:
- 大西洋尼诺对ENSO影响的明显差异是由两种不同类型的主导因素解释的.
- 中大西洋尼诺日益增强的影响是其对ENSO远程影响的关键因素.
- 未来的气候研究必须区分大西洋中部和东部的尼诺现象,以准确评估其行为和影响.
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